The Reign of William Rufus and the Accession of Henry the First, Volume 2 (of 2)

London

HENRY FROWDE

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OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE

7 PATERNOSTER ROW




THE

REIGN OF WILLIAM RUFUS

AND THE

ACCESSION OF HENRY THE FIRST.

BY

EDWARD A. FREEMAN, M.A., HON. D.C.L., LL.D.

HONORARY FELLOW OF TRINITY COLLEGE.

_IN TWO VOLUMES._

VOLUME II.

Oxford:

AT THE CLARENDON PRESS.

1882.

[_All rights reserved_.]




CONTENTS


CHAPTER V.

          THE WARS OF SCOTLAND, NORTHUMBERLAND, AND WALES.
                            1093-1098.

A. D.                                                            PAGE

           Events of the year 1093; relations between England
           and Scotland; results of the war of 1093               3-4

           Growth of the English power and of the English
           nation under Rufus; the Scottish kingdom becomes
           English                                                4-5

  1093     Death of Malcolm; first reign of Donald                  5

  1094     Reign of Duncan; second reign of Donald                  5

  1097     Establishment of Eadgar                                  5

  1095     Revolt of Robert of Mowbray                            5-5

           Affairs of Wales; comparison between Wales and
           Scotland                                                 6

           Effects of the reign on the union of Britain;
           comparison with Ireland and Normandy                   6-8

               § 1. _The last year of Malcolm._ 1093.

          Complaints of Malcolm against William Rufus;
          effects on Scotland of the restoration of Carlisle;
          other grounds of offence                                8-9

          March, 1093 Scottish embassy at Gloucester; Malcolm
          summoned to Gloucester; Eadgar sent to bring him       9-10

          Present favour of Eadgar with William                  9-10

          August Malcolm sets forth; he stops at Durham            11

August 11 He lays a foundation stone of the abbey; import of
          the ceremony                                          11-12

August 24 Malcolm at Gloucester; William refuses to see him;
          questions between the kings; William observes his
          safe-conduct                                          13-14

          Malcolm’s last invasion of England; he draws near
          to Alnwick; history of the place                      15-16

          English feeling about Malcolm                            16

Nov. 13   Malcolm slain by Morel                                16-17

          Burial of Malcolm at Tynemouth; history of Tynemouth;
          his translation to Dunfermline                        18-19

          Local estimate of Malcolm’s death                        19

          Character of Margaret; Malcolm’s devotion to her;
          her children and their education                      20-22

          Margaret’s reforms; Scottish feeling towards them     22-26

          Her religious reforms                                 22-23

          She increases the pomp of the court                   23-24

          English influence in Scotland; English and Norman
          settlers                                              24-26

Nov. 27   Death of Margaret; different versions; her burial at
          Dunfermline; Scottish feeling towards her             26-28

          Donald elected king; he drives out the English;
          meaning of the words                                  29-30

          Margaret’s children driven out; action of the elder
          Eadgar                                                   30

          Eadgyth and Mary brought up at Romsey; Malcolm
          at Romsey; story of Eadgyth and William Rufus         31-32

          Events of 1094; order of Scottish events              32-33

Christmas, Assembly at Gloucester; Duncan claims the Scottish
1093-1094  crown; his Norman education                          33-34

1094      He receives the crown from William, and wins the
          kingdom by the help of Norman and English
          volunteers                                            34-35

May, 1094 Revolution in Scotland; the foreigners driven out        35

November  Duncan slain and Donald restored                         36

1094-1097 Second reign of Donald                                   36

            § 2. _The revolt of Robert of Mowbray._ 1095-1096.

          Conspiracy against William Rufus; no general support
          for the plot                                          37-40

          Robert of Mowbray marries Matilda of Laigle              38

          His dealings with Earl Hugh and Bishop William;
          other conspirators; William of Eu                     38-39

          Designs on behalf of Stephen of Aumale                39-40

          Earl Robert plunders th