China Revolutionized

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CHINA REVOLUTIONIZED




[Illustration:

  Copyright, 1913. The Bobbs-Merrill Company.

  The Honorable Yuan Shih Kai, confirmed as president of China by the
    National Assembly, January, 1913. A middle province type (Honan).
    He is wearing the uniform of the General-in-Chief of the northern
    army. A forceful progressive leader of the New China.
]




  CHINA
  REVOLUTIONIZED

  _By_
  JOHN STUART THOMSON

  AUTHOR OF
  The Chinese, Bud and Bamboo, Etc.


  ILLUSTRATED WITH PHOTOGRAPHS AND MAPS


  INDIANAPOLIS
  THE BOBBS-MERRILL COMPANY
  PUBLISHERS




  COPYRIGHT, APRIL, 1913
  THE BOBBS-MERRILL COMPANY


  PRESS OF
  BRAUNWORTH & CO.
  BOOKBINDERS AND PRINTERS
  BROOKLYN, N. Y.




DEDICATED TO MOTHER




CONTENTS


    CHAPTER                                                         PAGE

       I  THE GENESIS OF THE REPUBLICAN REVOLUTION                     1

      II  WIT AND HUMOR IN CHINA                                     114

     III  INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL CHINA                            137

      IV  FINANCE AND BUDGET IN CHINA                                161

       V  BUSINESS METHODS OF FOREIGNERS IN CHINA                    175

      VI  RAILWAYS IN CHINA                                          186

     VII  SHIPPING AND WATER ROUTES IN CHINA                         196

    VIII  AMERICA IN CHINA                                           206

      IX  THE NATIVE LEADERS                                         222

       X  CHINA’S INTERNATIONAL POLITICS                             229

      XI  CHINESE INTERNAL POLITICS                                  242

     XII  SOME PUBLIC WORKS IN OLD CHINA                             250

    XIII  THE INFLUENCE OF JAPAN                                     259

     XIV  PRESSURE OF RUSSIA AND FRANCE ON CHINA                     281

      XV  SOME FOREIGN TYPES IN CHINA, AND THEIR INFLUENCE           288

     XVI  THE MANCHU                                                 305

    XVII  CHINA’S ARMY AND NAVY                                      317

   XVIII  MODERN EDUCATION IN CHINA                                  334

     XIX  LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE                                    351

      XX  LIFE OF FOREIGNERS IN CHINA                                363

     XXI  FOREIGN CITIES OF CHINA                                    375

    XXII  NATIVE CITIES OF CHINA                                     433

   XXIII  RELIGIOUS AND MISSIONARY CHINA                             450

    XXIV  LEGAL PRACTISE AND CRIME IN CHINA                          472

     XXV  CHINESE DAILY LIFE                                         487

    XXVI  CLIMATE, DISEASE AND HYGIENE                               499

   XXVII  CHINESE WOMANHOOD                                          519

  XXVIII  AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY IN CHINA                          533

    XXIX  CHINESE ARCHITECTURE AND ART                               541

     XXX  SOCIOLOGICAL CHINA                                         555

    XXXI  AWAKENED INTEREST IN AMERICA                               567

          INDEX                                                      581




CHINA REVOLUTIONIZED




I

THE GENESIS OF THE REVOLUTION IN CHINA AND ITS HISTORY

FROM OCTOBER 10, 1911, TO YUAN SHIH KAI’S ACCEPTANCE OF THE PROVISIONAL
PRESIDENCY


A republic in place of the oldest monarchy! Preposterous. It would
involve making a yellow man think as a white man, and that had never
occurred, not even in the case of the prodigy, Japan. It would involve
free intercourse with the whole wide world, and China had opposed such
an innovation stubbornly for 400 years. It meant that the proudest
and most self-contained nation should treat others as equals and
interchange with them. It involved throwing 4,000 years of continuous
history and agglomerated pride and precedent to the winds, and humbly
beginning anew as a tyro for a while. It meant the dealing with
400,000,000 kings, instead of one, and asking: “My lord, what is your
will?” An educational system 2,000 years old to be forgotten at once!
A religion 5,000 years old at least, whereby every man had his own god
(his father), to be made as cheap as the paltry sacrifices of wine,
rice and the painted stick of Confucianism were in reality! The taking
up of individual and national responsibility for 400,000,000 people,
and entrance upon a wide path of world-influence, with its divided
shame and fame! The taking and giving of blows for wrong and right!
The giving up of the triple eternal Nirvana of father, self and son,
in exchange for an exciting rôle limited to fifty-five crowded years
in the individual!