The Teaching and Cultivation of the French Language in England during Tudor and Stuart Times With an Introductory Chapter on the Preceding Period

Transcriber's Notes:

Minor punctuation inconsistencies have been silently corrected. A list
of other changes made can be found at the end of the book. Footnotes
were sequentially numbered and placed at the end of each chapter. The
page headers of the book on the odd numbered pages have been marked as
[Header]. For this text version, diacritical marks that cannot be
represented in plain text are shown in the following manner:

  Ligature [oe] is encoded as oe.
  p. 87: [O] o with macron above (dOucement).
         [E] e with macron above (doucemEnt).
  p. 283: [^] upside down V.

  Mark up: _italics_
           =bold=




PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER


FRENCH SERIES No. III


THE FRENCH LANGUAGE IN ENGLAND




   Published by the University of Manchester at THE UNIVERSITY PRESS (H.
   M. McKECHNIE, Secretary) 12 LIME GROVE, OXFORD ROAD, MANCHESTER

  LONGMANS, GREEN & CO.

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  THE TEACHING AND CULTIVATION OF THE FRENCH LANGUAGE IN ENGLAND DURING
  TUDOR AND STUART TIMES

  WITH AN INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER ON THE PRECEDING PERIOD

  BY

  KATHLEEN LAMBLEY, M.A.

  _Lecturer in French in the University of Durham_

  _Sometime Assistant Lecturer in French in the University of Manchester_


  MANCHESTER
  AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
  12 LIME GROVE, OXFORD ROAD
  LONGMANS, GREEN & CO.
  LONDON, NEW YORK, BOMBAY, ETC.
  1920




  PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER No. CXXIX


_All rights reserved._




PREFACE


The present work, begun during the author's tenure of a Faulkner
Fellowship in the University of Manchester, and completed in subsequent
years, is an endeavour to trace the history of the teaching and use of
French in England during a given epoch, ending with the Revocation of
the Edict of Nantes and the Revolution of 1689, which events mark the
beginning of a new period in the study of the French language in this
country. No attempt has been made to treat the wider topic of French
influence in England in its literary and social aspects (this has
already been done by competent hands), though this side of the question
is naturally touched upon occasionally by way of reference or
illustration.

I gladly take this opportunity of expressing my gratitude to Professor
L. E. Kastner, at whose suggestion this investigation was undertaken,
for his generous assistance, and the unfailing interest he has shown in
my work during the whole course of its preparation. I am likewise
considerably indebted to Dr. Phoebe Sheavyn for helpful criticism and
advice, to Professor Tout for kindly reading through the introductory
chapter, and to Mr. J. Marks for a careful revision of the proofs and
many useful indications. I owe a great deal to my father also, whose
sympathetic advice and encouragement did much to lighten my task. Nor
can I close this list of acknowledgments without recording my obligation
to the Secretary of the Press, Mr. H. M. McKechnie, for the valuable
assistance he has so freely given me during the progress of this volume
through the Press.

     KATHLEEN LAMBLEY.

  DURHAM, _January 1920_.




TABLE OF CONTENTS


  PART I

  INTRODUCTORY

  CHAPTER I                                                         PAGE

  THE THIRTEENTH AND FOURTEENTH CENTURIES                              3

   French grammars in mediaeval England--The use of the French
   language--Latin, French, and English vocabularies--French at the
   Universities--Popularity of French in the thirteenth century--Ceases
   to be a vernacular in England--Treatises for teaching French--A
   treatise on French verbs--The _Orthographia Gallica_--The _Tractatus
   Orthographiae_--T. H. Parisiis studentis--Walter de
   Bibbesworth--French in the schools and Universities--The fourteenth
   century--Treatises on French--The _Nominale_--Model letters--Recovery
   of English in the second half of the fourteenth
   century--Deterioration of Anglo-French--English in official documents
   and correspondence--Decline in use of French.

  CHAPTER II

  THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY                                               26

   Triumph of continental French over Anglo-French--"Doux françois de
   Paris" a foreign language--Standard of French taught in
   England--_Femina_--Treatises on Grammar--Barton's
   _Donait_--Epistolaries--Books of conversation in French--The
   Cambridge manuscript in French and English--First printed books for
   teaching French--Dialogues in French and English--Caxton, Wynkyn de
   Worde, and Pynson--French by conversation--Approaching improvement in
   the standard of French taught in England--Palsgrave's Grammar.

  PART II

  TUDOR TIME