By Timothy Gardner
WASHINGTON, Aug 25 (Reuters) - President Donald Trump has sent Congress a proposed agreement with Saudi Arabia on civil nuclear energy while insisting the pact will only go into effect if the kingdom normalizes relations with Israel, a U.S. administration official told Reuters on Tuesday.
The agreement, which was reached in July and would allow U.S. companies to export civilian nuclear technology to the kingdom, was sent to Congress on Monday, according to the U.S. official, who declined to be identified.
The Saudi embassy in Washington did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
It was not clear how Trump expects sending the nuclear deal to Congress, which has 90 session days to consider it, will advance his objectives.
"The president's position has not changed that the agreement will only move forward if Saudi Arabia joins the Abraham Accords," the U.S. official said in an email, referring to U.S.-brokered agreements between Israel and Arab and Muslim-majority nations to normalize relations.
Those accords, reached in 2020 and 2021, were between Israel and the UAE, Bahrain, Morocco and Sudan.
Days after agreeing to the Saudi nuclear deal in July, Trump, who worked on a similar pact during his first term, set normalization as a condition for it to go into effect.
Former President Joe Biden also pushed for a nuclear deal and wanted to tie it to the accords. Diplomats thought Riyadh was close to normalizing relations with Israel in 2023, but the start of Israel's war on Gaza in October 2023 changed the landscape.
Saudi Arabia has demanded an irreversible path to a Palestinian state before recognizing Israel.
The 30-year nuclear deal calls for the construction of AP1000 reactors, a project worth tens of billions of dollars that would benefit Westinghouse, jointly owned by Canada-based Cameco and Brookfield Asset Management.
The deal was sent to leaders in Congress and is expected to be handed to committees on Wednesday, two congressional sources said. Unless Congress objects to the deal within 90 session days, it will go into force. If Congress were to reject the agreement, Trump could veto that decision, which would require a two-thirds majority in Congress to override.
'HARDLY IDEAL'
Some Democratic lawmakers and nonproliferation advocates have criticized the nuclear pact for not barring Saudi Arabia from enriching uranium or reprocessing nuclear waste, two potential pathways for making a nuclear weapon. The UAE agreed to such measures, known as the gold standard, in its 2009 civil nuclear deal with Washington.
The Trump administration says the deal has nonproliferation measures required by law.
By starting the process, Trump has opened the possibility that Congress could allow the deal to proceed without normalization and proliferation stipulations, said Henry Sokolski, the head of the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center. "This is hardly ideal if you're serious about no enrichment and recognition of Israel," Sokolski said.
(Reporting by Timothy Gardner and Jonathan Landay; editing by Chris Reese and Cynthia Osterman)
Facts Only
* President Donald Trump sent a proposed agreement with Saudi Arabia on civil nuclear energy to Congress.
* The pact required normalization of relations with Israel for it to go into effect.
* The agreement allows U.S. companies to export civilian nuclear technology to Saudi Arabia.
* The condition was that Saudi Arabia must join the Abraham Accords.
* The Abraham Accords involved agreements between Israel and the UAE, Bahrain, Morocco, and Sudan.
* The 30-year nuclear deal calls for constructing AP1000 reactors.
* The project would benefit Westinghouse, jointly owned by Cameco and Brookfield Asset Management.
* The deal is expected to be handed to committees on Wednesday.
* Congress has 90 session days to consider the deal before it goes into force.
* Some lawmakers criticized the pact for not barring Saudi Arabia from enriching uranium or reprocessing nuclear waste.
Executive Summary
Full Take
The attempt to link a strategic energy deal with diplomatic normalization—specifically the Abraham Accords—reveals an interplay between transactional geopolitics and long-term security objectives. The dynamic suggests that economic concessions, such as access to nuclear technology, are being leveraged as tools to enforce broader foreign policy alignment rather than standing alone as purely technical agreements. The history of tying energy deals to political milestones indicates a pattern where major state actors seek to operationalize diplomatic shifts through tangible, shared infrastructure projects.
The tension arises from the perceived separation between the technical aspects of the nuclear deal and the political necessity of Israeli-Saudi relations. When external factors, such as the conflict in Gaza, shift regional dynamics—as the demand for Palestinian state recognition has done in Saudi Arabia’s position—the preconditions established by previous agreements become subject to reevaluation. The push by one party to advance a potentially unilateral framework (sending the deal to Congress) opens a space where procedural stipulations can be bypassed if political consensus is not rigidly enforced, creating an ideal environment for divergent interpretations of international norms, such as nonproliferation principles.
The criticism leveled against the pact regarding enrichment and waste reprocessing highlights a conflict between immediate transactional benefits and broader global governance frameworks. If the stated goal is simply technology transfer, it risks sidelining established nonproliferation regimes unless those regimes are explicitly woven into the deal's structure without political contingency. This procedural flexibility risks shifting focus from establishing secure international norms to maximizing short-term economic leverage across competing geopolitical goals.
Bridge Questions: What are the long-term implications for the stability of nonproliferation frameworks when transactional deals prioritize bilateral political alignment over multilateral governance? How do differing interpretations of what constitutes "normalization" influence treaty negotiations in complex geopolitical arenas? If political conditions are used as prerequisites for economic agreements, what role does international law play in policing such embedded conditionalities?
Sentinel — Human
The text functions as a standard news report detailing a specific set of diplomatic maneuvers and stated positions, exhibiting the typical structure and attribution markers of professional journalism.