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Electrodeposited self-assembled molecules for perovskite photovoltaics

Chimera readability score 81 out of 100, Specialist reading level.

Abstract
Preventing the detachment of self-assembled molecules (SAMs) and enhancing their passivation effect on perovskites are critical challenges for improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs)1–3. Electrodeposited SAMs provide a route to improve coverage uniformity and anchoring robustness on conductive substrates beyond the limitations of conventional solution processing. Here, we use potential-cycled electrodeposition to promote molecular rearrangement and re-anchoring of SAMs, resulting in a uniform and dense layer on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate with enhanced anchoring capability. Building on this base SAM, functional units are grown via electrochemical oxidative coupling to form tailored coupled carbazole phosphonic SAMs, yielding power conversion efficiencies of 26.8% for lab-scale solar cells and 21.3% for solar modules (65 cm2).
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Supplementary Notes 1–7, Supplementary Figs 1–60, Supplementary Tables 1–6 and Supplementary References.
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Xiong, Z., Luo, X., Tang, F. et al. Electrodeposited self-assembled molecules for perovskite photovoltaics. Nature (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10844-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10844-6

Sentinel — Human

Confidence

This abstract exhibits the clear, precise, and highly specialized structure characteristic of authentic academic research reporting, suggesting human authorship within the scientific community.

Signals Detected
low severity: Varied sentence length and complex scientific phrasing typical of high-level academic writing.
low severity: High internal logical flow; the argument moves directly from problem definition to methodology to result without unnecessary hedging or overly balanced framing.
low severity: Presentation of specific, verifiable technical results (PCE percentages, substrate material) grounded in a recognized scientific context.
Human Indicators
The text employs highly specialized terminology and the formal structure expected of peer-reviewed scientific literature.
The inclusion of specific experimental metrics (26.8% PCE, 21.3% PCE) suggests direct reporting of laboratory findings rather than generalized synthesis.