The 'Near East' is a modern-age term for the region formerly known as the 'Middle East,' comprising Armenia, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, and part of Turkey, corresponding to ancient Urartu, Mesopotamia, Elam, Persia, the Levant, and Anatolia. The history of civilization in the ancient Near East is usually given as circa 6500 BCE to the 7th century CE.
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This article offers a comprehensive account of the ancient Near East, emphasizing the region's rich cultural history and its impact on later civilizations. The narrative presents an objective timeline of significant events, empires, and written languages, while acknowledging that it was only in the 19th century that these ancient cultures began to be fully understood due to archaeological discoveries and linguistic research. However, by focusing on the revival of interest in the Near East, the a...