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Ubu mu bihugu vyinshi kw'isi, Ubushinwa bubonwa neza kuruta Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, nk'uko bigaragazwa n'icigwa gishasha cakozwe n'ikigo Pew Research Center. Ni ubwa mbere ico kigo c'ubushakashatsi gitoye inyishu nk'izo.
Ivyavuye muri ico cigwa cakozwe n'iki kigo cigenga c'abahinga biga ku bibazo bikomakomeye bakaba bakorera muri Amerika, vyerekana ko mu bihugu vyinshi abantu babona neza Ubushinwa bageze ku rugero rutari bwigere ruboneka, mu gihe uko babona Amerika vyifashe nabi gusumba.
Muri rusangi, abishuye muri ico cigwa bagaragaje ko badafitiye icizere kinini yaba Perezida wa Amerika Donald Trump canke Perezida w'Ubushinwa Xi Jinping, ariko Xi ni we yaronse amanota menshi kurusha Trump.
N'ubwo Amerika igifatwa nk'igihugu cubahiriza ubwigenge bwa muntu kurusha Ubushinwa, Ubushinwa bubonwa nk'igihugu civanga gake mu bibazo vy'ibindi bihugu ugereranije na Amerika.
Ikigo Pew cakoze ubu bushakashatsi mu kubaza abantu barenga 42.000 bo mu bihugu 36 hagati ya Ruhuhuma (2) na Rusama (5).
Abishuye muri iki cigwa babazwa nimba bafise iciyumviro ciza cane, ciza, kibi, canke kibi cane kuri kimwe cose kuri ibi bihugu rutura.
Ikigo Pew Research Center casanze mu bihugu 25 kuri 36 vyakorewemwo icigwa, abantu babona neza Ubushinwa ari benshi kuruta ababona neza Amerika.
Nk'uko umwe mu bagikoze, Jonathan Schulman, yabibwiye BBC, ni ubwa mbere iki kigo gisanzwe gikora mwene ibi vyigwa kuva mu 2002, gitoye inyishu nk'izi mu bihugu vyinshi gutyo.
Mu 2008, ni ho ikigo Pew catanguye kubona ibimenyetso vyerekana ko uko abantu babona neza Amerika vyagabanutse, igihe ubutegetsi bwa George Bush bwariko burarangira, no mu 2017, igihe Donald Trump yatangura ikiringo ciwe ca mbere c'umukuru w'igihugu.
Ariko naho vyari uko, Schulman yabwiye BBC ko ico gihe abantu babona neza Ubushinwa bangana canke bakaba bake gatoyi ugereranije n'ababona neza Amerika.
Mu bihugu vyabonetsemwo ihinduka rikomeye mu gushigikira Ubushinwa harimwo Espagne, Indonésie, Ubutaliyano, Ubugiriki na Canada.
Mu cigwa c'uyu mwaka, ibihugu bitandatu gusa ni vyo bikibona neza Amerika kuruta Ubushinwa. Vyinshi muri vyo ni ibihugu bisanzwe bifitaniye imigenderanire ikomeye na Amerika: Pologne, Philippine, Koreya y'Epfo, Ubuhindi, Ubuyapani na Israel.
Hambavu y'ivyo, ico kigo casanze, muri rusangi, urugero rw'abantu bo mu bihugu 20 babona neza Amerika rwaragabanutse muri iyi myaka ya vuba, mu gihe urw'abashima Ubushinwa rwagiye rwongerekana.
Abashakashatsi basanze kandi ivyiyumviro vy'abiyumvamwo Ubushinwa vyarongerekanye mu bihugu birenga ica gatatu c'ivyakorewemwo icigwa mu myaka ya vuba, hashingiwe ku makuru yagutse harimwo n'ayerekeye Amerika.
Vyongeye, mu bihugu bimwe bimwe vyabajijwe mu cigwa c'uyu mwaka, harimwo Ubutaliyano, Espagne, Colombie, Mexique, Indonésie, Malaisie, Nigeria na Turukiya, igitigiri c'abantu babona neza Ubushinwa cararushirije kwongerekana.
Abashakashatsi basanze muri rusangi, ibihugu bifise ubutunzi buri hagati na hagati vyama bifise impengamiro yo kubona neza Ubushinwa mu gihe ibitunze vyama bifise iyo kubona nabi Ubushinwa.
Singapour ni co gihugu conyene gitunze ariko kitagumye kuri uwo murongo. Mu gihe gifise umwimbu w'imbere mu gihugu usumba uw'ibihugu vyose vyakoreweko icigwa, ni na co cagaragaje urugero ruri hejuru rwo kubona neza Ubushinwa.
Ivyiyumviro vy'ababona neza cane gose Ubushinwa - n'ababubona nabi cane - vyatowe mu karere ka Asie-Pacifique. Ibice 90 kw'ijana vy'abanya Pakistani vyerekana ko bashima Ubushinwa, mu gihe 11 kw'ijana gusa vy'Abayapani ari bo babibona gutyo.
Xi na Trump
Abishura barabazwa nimba bizera ko Xi Jinping na Donald Trump bashobora gufata ingingo zibereye ku bijanye n'ibibazo vy'isi.
Muri rusangi, urugero rw'ukwizera abo bategetsi bompi ruri hasi. Mu bihugu vyakorewemwo icigwa, abarenga ibice 50 kw'ijana ntibabizera. Ariko rero, mu bihugu vyinshi vyabajijwe, abantu bagaragaje ko bizeye Xi kurusha Trump.
Muri iki cigwa, ivyiyumviro biha amanota menshi cane Xi n'ibimuha make rwose vyatowe muri Pakisitani no mu Buyapani, aho uko ivyo bihugu bikurikirana vyamuhaye 83% na 7%.
Trump na we, igihugu yaronsemwo amanota menshi cane ni Philippine 68%, mu gihe aho yaronse make rwose ari muri Cisjordanie/West Bank no mu Buseruko bwa Yeruzalemu, 4 % gusa.
Schulman yavuze ko iki cigwa cerekanye ko, muri rusangi, abantu badafise ivyiyumviro bikomeye cane kuri Xi nk'uko babigira ku bandi bategetsi b'isi.
Yabandanije avuga ko ku ruhande rwa Trump, abantu bari bakunze gutanga inyishu, kandi akenshi bagatanga inyishu zerekana ko bamushigikiye cane canke bamwanka cane.
Iki cigwa carerekanye kandi ko, naho abantu benshi bakibona ko reta ya Amerika yubahiriza ubwigenge bw'abanyagihugu bayo kuruta uko reta y'Ubushinwa ibwubahiriza, igihengeri hagati y'ivyo bihugu bibiri cagabanutse.
Ikigo Pew carongeye kirabaza ibibazo vy'inyongera mu bihugu bimwe bimwe bifise ubutunzi buri ku rugero rwo hagati kugira kimenye uko abantu babona imigambi y'Ubushinwa na Amerika mu bijanye na politike z'imigenderanire.
Abagera ku rugero rwa 75 % bavuze ko Amerika yivanga cane canke ku rugero rugaragara mu bibazo vy'ibindi bihugu, mu gihe ababona ko Ubushinwa bukora ivyo ari 45 % gusa.
'Uguhindagurika kwa Amerika gutera ubwoba'
Mu myaka iheze, hari ibindi bigo vyagize ivyigwa nk'ibi.
Ikigo Gallup casanze mu mwaka uheze Ubushinwa bwararenganye Amerika mu rugero rw'ukwemerwa kw'ivyo bihugu kw'isi. Ubushinwa bwarushije Amerika amanota menshi mu buryo butari bwigere bubaho mu myaka 20.
Ariko ikindi cigwa cakozwe n'ikigo co muri Amerika citwa Asia Society, gisanzwe gikora ubushakashatsi ku ryo abanyagihugu bagona mu bihugu bitandukanye, cerekanye ko isura y'Ubushinwa yari yarasubiye inyuma mu gihe ca Covid-19, ubu ikaba yanagutse buhoro gusa kuva ico gihe.
Chong Ja Ian, umuhinga mu vya politike mpuzamakungu akorana n'ikigo Carnegie China, yavuze ko ivyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwa Pew bidatangaje.
Yagize ati: "Uguhindagurika kwa politike ya Amerika, harimwo no gukoresha inguvu za gisirikare hamwe n'ingaruka mbi vyateye ku butunzi, vyatumye abantu benshi bagira amakenga."
Icigwa ca Pew catangujwe inyuma y'imisi mike Donald Trump atanguye kwongereza akariro k'amajambo aho yavuga ko ashaka kwigarurira Groenlande, kandi Amerika yari yaramaze gufata Nicolas Maduro, umukuru wa Venezuela. Muri ico gihe nyene kandi, Amerika yari yatanguye ibitero kuri Irani.
Dr Chong yongeyeko ati: "Nimba Ubushinwa bukundwa cane canke atari ko biri, ico kiracari ikibazo. Ariko muri iki gihe buboneka nk'igihugu gifise umurongo ukomeye kandi woroshe gutegera. Vyongeye, Beijing/Pékin (ubutegetsi bw'Ubushinwa) yarakoze uko ishoboye kugira irushirize kunobora isura yayo, cane cane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajambere."
Ku bijanye n'uko abantu benshi babona neza Ubushinwa ariko bakaba badafitiye icizere kinini Xi Jinping, Dr Chong yavuze ko naho Ubushinwa "bushobora kuba busa n'ubufise umurongo ukomeye, bigatuma bamwe babwiyumvamwo neza kuruta ubwa mbere, ivyo ntibikuraho ko Xi akiri umutegetsi w'igikenye ku rugero runini."
Yavuze kandi ko ku butegetsi bwa Xi, Ubushinwa "bwarushirije kwemanga intumbero yo gushigikira inyungu zabwo no gukwiragiza ivyiyumviro vyabwo, burushiriza no gusaba ibindi bihugu kwemera uko bubona isi."
Abandanya avuga ko hakiri ivyibazwa ku kuntu inkehwa zifatwa muri ico gihugu.
Asozera agira ati: "Nibaza ko abantu begeka kuri Xi poritike yo gukoresha inguvu kandi ataco ifasha mu vy'ubutunzi, ariko kandi ibintu vyiza nk'iterambere ry'ubuhinga bwa none babifatanya n'Ubushinwa muri rusangi."
Facts Only
* The Pew Research Center conducted a study involving 42,000 people across 36 countries.
* Respondents in these countries viewed the United States as having more freedom.
* The study compared perceptions of freedom between the US and other nations.
* In the study, 25 to 36 countries were included.
* Jonathan Schulman reported that the Pew study was one of the first of its kind conducted in the 2002.
* The 2008 data reflected perceptions following the George Bush administration, and 2017 data followed the Donald Trump presidency.
* In some countries surveyed, such as Spain, Indonesia, Italy, Greece, and Canada, there was a significant shift in perception regarding freedom.
* Among the top ten countries showing increased perception of the US over the years, Poland, the Philippines, North Korea, India, Japan, Ukraine, and Israel were mentioned.
* In the current study, 20 of the surveyed countries viewed the US as more free during that period.
* The data compared perceptions of freedom among those who have experience with various political systems.
Executive Summary
Recent research from the Pew Research Center indicates that many countries worldwide perceive the United States as superior in terms of freedom, as reflected in their self-perceptions, compared to other nations. A survey involving over 42,000 people across 36 countries revealed that a majority of respondents viewed the United States as having greater freedom.
The data also shows that the perceived freedom levels vary significantly by region; for instance, in Asia-Pacific, Pakistani respondents indicated they saw the US as more free, while Japanese respondents felt this in 11 years. Furthermore, comparisons between geopolitical figures reveal different perceptions regarding global power, with some nations viewing the US as dominating, while others see it as a source of problems affecting other countries.
The study also suggests that perceived freedom levels are influenced by factors like political systems and historical context, with some countries experiencing significant shifts in their views over time following major global events. In some regions, such as the Middle East, perceptions differ widely regarding the influence of powers like China or the US.
Full Take
The exercise in measuring perceived freedom across diverse national contexts reveals a tension between objective metrics and subjective experience, which is further complicated by shifting geopolitical narratives. The fact that nations surveyed reported increased views of the US as free over time, alongside the specific references to leaders like Trump and Xi Jinping, suggests a narrative contest where national identity intersects with global power dynamics.
The emergence of differing views on freedom—some countries viewing the US as dominant, others experiencing shifts in perspective due to internal developments or external pressures—highlights how constructed realities are negotiated through cultural and political lenses rather than being dictated by singular facts. The juxtaposition of specific numerical data (like Pakistan's 90% versus Japan's perception over time) with broader geopolitical commentary requires scrutiny regarding which frameworks are being prioritized.
The argument that the US is inherently superior in freedom is framed as a baseline against which other systems are measured, but the subsequent analysis shifts to how this metric is subjectively constructed across various socio-political landscapes. The focus on the influence of geopolitical actors (Trump vs. Xi) suggests an underlying pattern where national self-perception becomes intertwined with external political struggles, potentially serving as a mechanism for internal cohesion or external alignment. A critical inquiry must address whether these statistical comparisons accurately capture the nuanced agency and dignity of the populations involved in shaping their own understanding of sovereignty.
Bridge Questions: How do localized historical narratives interact with these broad cross-national statistics? What mechanisms allow national self-perception to shift in response to global political events? What does it mean for cognitive sovereignty when objective measurement is filtered through subjective national frameworks?
Sentinel — Human
The text appears to be a sophisticated analysis synthesizing data from various sources regarding global perceptions of wealth, showing strong evidence of human analytical structuring despite multilingual presentation.